Street Commerce by Andres Sevtsuk

Author:Andres Sevtsuk
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press, Inc.
Published: 2020-11-15T00:00:00+00:00

Figure 49. Gravity accessibility to residents from each building in a 10-minute walkshed in Cambridge, MA.

For a visitor looking to run an errand, accessibility depends on what location one is coming from and where one is headed to next, as well as how much time one has available. These limitations are known as time-space constraints, popularized by the Swedish geographer Torsten Hägerstrand.16 Hägerstrand’s time-space constraints are illustrated in Figure 50, where x and y coordinates represent space and the z coordinate denotes time. Time can only move in a single direction—from bottom to top—as a person’s activities proceed throughout a day. The vertical cylinders in the diagram denote anchor points, such as homes, where individual trips start and end, and the lines between them show the trips people take. The diagram suggests that people can initiate trips to street commerce from either fixed locations or while moving between locations.

The map in Figure 51, for instance, captures access to households around a particular coffee shop—Darwin’s in Cambridge, MA. The map shows homes that can reach Darwin’s on foot within a 10-minute walk. Census data in Cambridge tells us that there are 2,239 residents within this area who might be potential customers. Due to the distance decay effect, which makes visits less likely for residents that come from farther away, the gravity index is lower—it estimates that only 1,150 out of 2,239 people are likely to walk to the shop from their homes.17

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